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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. E. PIERCE. MAOHINE FOR FO'RGING HORSESHOE NAILS.

No. 486,195. Patented Nov. 15, 1892.

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E. E. PIERCE.

MACHINE FOR FORGING HOB$BSHOB NAILS. No. 486,196. Patented Nov. 15,1892.

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MACHINE FOR FORGING HORSESHOE NAILS. No. 486,195. 3 v Patented Nov. 15,1892.

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fitter/mega UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERASTITS EUGENE PIERCE, OF NEW BRIGHTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THESTANDARD HORSE NAILCOMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

MACHINE FOR FORGING HORSESHOE-NAILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 486,195, dated November15, 1892.

Application filed November 13, 1891. Serial No. 411,809. (No model.)

tain new and useful Improvements in Ma-;

chines for Forging HorseshoeNails, of which the following is aspecification. I

In the Letters Patent issued to me, Nos.

241,562 and 363,418,is set forth a machine for forging horseshoe-nailsfrom heated metallicbars wherein a revolving carrier is provided withseries of dies for gradually drawing downv the end of the rod and withcutting devices for severing the rod after the shank and head have beenformed; and the object of my invention is to improve the efficiency ofmachines of this class, to which end my invention consists inconstructing certain parts, as fully set forth hereinafter and asillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a sideelevation, in part section, of a nail-forging machine embodying myimprovements. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation. Fig. 3 is anenlarged section on the line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view, inpart section, showing one of the adjustable shaft-bearings. Fig. 5 is anenlarged section on the line 5 5, Fig. 1,1ooking in the direcline 6 6,Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrow 9. Fig. 7 is an end viewlooking in the direction of the arrow 10, Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is an enlargedsection showing one of the guides 5 and its shaft, gear, and bushing.Fig. 9 is a detached view illustrating the form of one of the cutters.

It will not be necessary to describe in detail the general constructionand operation of the parts of the machine illustrated that correspond tothose shown in the aforesaid Letters Patent, as they will be understoodfrom an inspection of said Letters Patent and as my present inventionrelates to the construction only of certain parts.

The first improvement relates to the dies Gr G As set forth in myaforesaid patents,

the said dies revolve upon shafts turning in fixed bearings as regardseach other, and consequently any wear of the dies cannot be compensatedfor and it is necessary to substitute ter become worn.

tion of the arrow 8. -Fig. 6 is a section on the 1 new dies for the oldones as soon as the lat- To obviate this objection,

I carry the shafts upon the carrier 0 in movable snpports or bearingsand provide means whereby said supports may be so adjusted as toseparate or bring together the'dies to compensate for wear or to insureproper adj ustment for different sizes of nails. These adjustablebearings may be made in difierent ways and different devices may beemployed for altering their position. I have shown in vthe drawings oneconstruction which has proved to be effective.

The bearings P'P are shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, in section in Fig.2, and in detail, Figs. 3 and 4. They arein the form of cylinders,sleeves, or bushings inserted in holes provided for them in the flange Cof the carrier O and are socketed or bored out eccentric g to theirperipheries, but more eccentric at the die end than at the bevel-pinionend, and, as illustrated in Fig. at and also in Fig. 2, wherein dottedlines show that the sockets diverge, and if the bushing were extended inlength to the line so a: the bore would at that point he in the centerof the bushing. The object in making the bearings adjustable is for theput-- pose of regulating the width of the nail and the adjustment isaccomplished by turning the eccentric bushings in pairs and in unison bymeans of right and left hand Worms P P, secured on the stud P Figs. 1,2, and 3, and which engage the teeth of right and left hand worm-gearsout in the peripheries of the bushings P and P, respectively. The wormsare inserted in the carrier 0 at right angles to the bushings and at oneside, as shown in Figs,

1 and 2. The squared end of the stud P projects from the face of theflange O and may be operated with a wrench, and after the properadjustment is made the screw P in the opposite face of the carrier 0 isforced in against the stud Pilocking it and preventing any furthermovements of the worms or bush- 5 ings until a new adjustment is needed.To facilitate adjustment, the stud P has a stem for receivingdetachableworm-sections P P and a sleeve P and the socket for receivingthe end P of the stud is smaller at that end than at the opposite endwhere the screw P is inserted and a nut P serves to clamp theworm-sections, the sleeve P and a washer P upon the stem. This permitsthe stud to be inserted in place, after which the washer, theworm-section P, the sleeve P the wormsection P and the nut P are put inplace successively and there retained by the screwplug P The bushingsare placed in the machine, so that the eccentrics of each pair areequidistant from an established center line between the dies G G so thatwhen one of the studs P is turned the pair of bushings engaged will movein unison and either increase or diminish the distance between the dies,according to the direction in which the bushings are turned, and at thesame time maintain the faces of the dies equidistant from the centralline between them. The line :1 00, Fig. 4, passes through the center ofthe faces of the pinions E E, Figs. 2 and 4. It will thus be seen thatthe revolving of the bushings and the consequent change of position ofthe die ends of the shafts F F would not change the depth of engagementof the teeth of the pinions with the teeth of the gear D on the line m wand only to a very slight degree at either edge of the faces of the pinions, While making considerable adjustment at the die ends of theshafts.

In the course of the operation of the ma chine the wear of the parts isapt to resultin a certain end play of the shafts carrying the guides K,and it is also necessary at times to make slight endwise adjustments ofsaid shafts to avoid said difficulties incident to the loose play and toimprove the construction shown in the aforesaid patents, where theseshafts M are not adjustable and the same in every respect as the shaftscarrying the dies K. I make these shafts shorter than the shafts of thedies K, with means for adjusting them longitudinally and securing themto prevent any play after adjustment.

Thus I introduce a supplementary piece M between the end of the shaftand the guide K of such a length as to bring the guide to} the properposition between the dies G2 G .j

The piece M and the guide K are both secured to the shaft M by the screwm. A pin g is made fast in the piece M and projects into a hole in theend of the shaft M, by which means the piece M is always maintained inthe same rotative position relative to its drivscrews m any end-play ofthe shaft caused by Wear can be taken up, or a slight endwise adjustmentof the shaft made, so as to bring the guide K to the exact positionrequired The removal of the between the dies G G".

guide K and piece M facilitates the changing of the dies G In order toimprove the operation of the cutter devices for severing the forgedblank from the end of the rod, I make use of the construction which Iwill now describe. The device for severing the nail from the rodconsists of the adjustable semicircular revolving cutter R, having itsshaft journaled in the carrier 0 and in the removable block R Figs. 1and 2, secured in a recess in the flange C, and the oscillating cutterR, having its shaft journaled in an adjustable block R secured to thebed-plate A, together with means for adjusting the cutters in the properposition relative to the nail and to each other. The cutter R is made inthe form shown in Fig. 9, one side being beveled,thereby making theinner surface wider than the outer surface. The cutter-holder R whichmay be integral with or secured to the shaft R, has a groovecorresponding in shape to but a little wider than the cutter. The cutteris placed in the holder with its beveled side against the beveled sideof the groove in the holder and is held in place by screws actingagainst its 0pposite side, as shown in the drawings. The bevel on thecutter and in the holder is not a necess ty,but only a security againsta wrong adjustment when the cutter is put in place and against its beingthrown out when working. This cutter R has a radial end face and isrotated in the same manner as the cutter R described in Patent No.363,418; but in this case the cutting off of the nail is done at a pointfarther from the center of the carrier C, which necessitates smaller connectinggears, as shown in Fig. 5.

The cutter R is secured in the holder R by screws, and when in positionto do the cutting stands in a vertical plane in one direction, Fig. 1,and at an angle of about forty-fivedegrees in the other direction,Fig.2. Its upper end is formed into a chisel shape by grinding or otherwiseand the cutting-edge stands at right angles to the face of the carrier0. During the cutting the cutter R is practically motionless, thecutting being accomplished by the nail being forced downward by thecutter R in the same manner as by ordinary shears having a lowerstationary blade and an upper moving blade. The cutter R may be moved byany suitable devices. Thus the rock-shaft carrying the cutter R has atits opposite end a pinion R and a vibratory rotary motion is imparted tothe cutter through this pinion, the gear-segments R, R and R the rack Rthe link and connecting strap R and the eccentric R attached to theshaft B. The movement of the cutter B being derived from an eccentric,the cutter appears to be in motion all the time, but the cutting beingdone when the cutter is at its forward end of the stroke, and the timerequired to sever the nail from the rod being very short, the cutter ispractically motionless during that time, as before stated. By thisconstruction the cutter R is carried out of the range of the heat from.

the furnace, and also away from the moving parts of the machine whilethe nail is being forged.

The cutter rotates through about two hundred and. ten degrees, and thedotted lines, Fig. 2, show its position when farthestre-: moved from thenail at the time when the nail is about one-half completed. The cutter Rcan be adjusted in the direction of the length of the nail by moving itbackward or forward in the groove in the holder R and when properlyadjusted, so as to act on the nail exactly at its junction with the rod,it is secured by the screws, as before described. The cutter R' can beadjusted in the direction of the length of the nail by means of the nutson the rod R one end of the rod being attached to the block R and theother end passing through the bracket R the nuts acting on oppositesides of the bracket to move the block R in either direction, the pinionR having a wider face than the segment R so as to allow of suchadjustment. Instead of swinging upon a center the cutter may slide backand forth.

In order to insure the shearing of the bar at the proper angle, Iprovide means whereby the angle of the bar may be varied. This may bedone by means of any suitable contact-piece, so that I make use of apresser R Figs. 1, 5, and 7. This presser is a solid cylinder with oneend beveled so as to present a fiat surface to the nail-rod, and issecured in the cutter-holder R by being made a driving fit therein, orin any other suitable manner. The cutting-edge of the cutterR whencutting off the nail is below the position of the nail when being forgedto avoid its coming in contact with the dies G2 when coming to or goingfrom the position shown in the drawings,which is the position in whichthe cutteris alone, and the duty of the presser is to act on thenail-rod at a point a short distance back of the nail and depress therod at that point, so that the.

nail will be out at the desired angle. It will be readily understoodthat if the rod were inclined downwardly when the cutting was done theangle of the cut on the top of the nailhead would not be the same as ifthe rod were level or inclined upwardly. By the use of the presser anydesired angle of out can be obtained by having the presser project moreor less from the holder R according to the requirements of theparticular case.

In operating the machine rapidly, it has been found that there is atendency to throw the shafts or there is lost motion or backlash of thegears, especially those driving the cutter R, resulting from wear orcareless fitting. To obviate these objections, I combine asuitable brakewith such of the shafts as have to be regulated in their movements. Thusmotion is imparted to the cutter R by the gears I, I and 1 Figs. 1, 5,and 6. Attached to or integral with the gear I on the counter-shaft O'is a hollow cylinder 1', whose inside diameter is slightly larger thanthe outsidediameter of thebushing 0. .On the outer end gear; Thisconstruction is only for convenience, as the gear and disk may be in onepiece. The gear and disk may both be se cured to the end of the shaft Rby a key, or, as shown in the drawings, by a collar bolt or screwextending into the shaft. The disk 1 has a groove or channel in itsperiphery, and this groove, together with the neck between the gears 1and 1 forms a seat for the brakest-rap J, Figs. 2, 5, and 6. 'The endsof the strap are connected by a spiral spring J, Fig. 6. A stud J Figs.5 and 6, is driven or screwed into the carrier O-and its outer endtapped to receive the screw J This screw is reduced in size for a shortdistance at the point and enters a small hole in the center of thestrap. By this means the strap is kept in proper position. The amount offriction is controlled by the strength of the spring and by the screw Jforced in to increase the tension or withdrawn to decrease it. Thecylinder 1 and disk I revolve in the direction indicated by the arrowsand the friction tends to draw the ends of the strap toward each other,thus giving a greater brake-power than if they were revolving in theopposite direction.

Withoutlimiting myself to the precise construction and arrangementofparts shown, I claim- 1. The combination,in a nail-making machine, ofseries of roller-dies, carrying and driving mechanism whereby said diesare revolved positively and are brought successively in pairs intooperation upon all the opposite faces and sides of a rod andmovablebearings for the roller-dies, and means for adjusting said bearings tovary the distance between the dies of each pair, substantially as setforth.

2. The combination of the die-carrier, dies, shafts, and cylindricalbearings with eccentric sockets and external teeth, and a-shaft withreverse worms engaging said teeth, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the dies, shafts, cylindrical bearings and aworm-shaft provided with separate sections having the worm-teeth andmeans for clamping said sections to the shaft, substantially as setforth.

4. The combination, with the guides K and withthe revoluble carrier, ofshafts carrying said guides and means for adjusting said shaftslongitudinally in their bearings, substantially as set forth. 7

5. The combination, with the rotatable diecarrier, guides K, and shaftsof said guides, of supplementary pieces M bushing M ,adjustable in thecarrier, and clamping-collars M substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, with the rotatable die- ICO said recess, and acutter-shaft having its bearings in the carrier and at one end in saidblock and supporting a cutter, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, with the die-carrier, of a rotating cutter carriedby said carrier and a coacting cutter supported by a stationary part ofthe machine and means for moving the latter into and out of operativeposition at intervals, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of the rotating die-carrier, a revolving cuttersupported thereon, having a radial end face, and a reciprocating cutterhaving a face adapted to shear with the end face of the revolving cutterwhen said reciprocating cutter is stationary, substantially as setforth.

9. The combination of the cutter R, rockshaft, driving-shaft B, andeccentric, gear-segments R R R rack R and connecting link and strap Rsubstantially as set forth.

10. The combination, with the rotating diecarrier and rotating cutter R,of an oscillating cutter R, movable into and out of cutting position ina plane at right angles to the carrier, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination of the rotatory diecarrier and cutter R, rock-shaftand cutter R, and means for adjusting the bearings of said shaft in thedirection of the length of the nail, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination of a rotatable die-carrier, rotating cutter thereon,and presser arranged to make contact with the nail-bar to deflect thesame to a place below that in which the bar is fed, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

13. The combination of the cuttenholder R and presser R carried therebyand arranged to deflect the bar below the plane on which it is fed,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

14. The combination, with the cutter-shaft and counter-shaft, of disksor pulleys thereon and brake-strap J and means for adjusting the same,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ERASTUS EUGENE PIERCE.

Witnesses:

THEO. O. DEITRIOH, II. H. HANCOCK.

